Category Archives: Francia

by monzo

Artificial Intelligence at the service of inclusive language policies: the case of the E- MIMIC Project

Rachele Raus & Tania Cerquitelli

University of Bologna & Politecnico of Torino, Italy

Panel: Language as a means of inclusion in educational and institutional settings

Chair: Maria Margherita Mattioda, Università di Torino, Italy

It is well known how artificial intelligence (AI) learning from big data can contribute to the reiteration of gender bias and forms of exclusion due to the dissemination of stereotyped discourses on minorities, such as migrants and disabled people (Bartoletti 2021, Marzi 2021, Savoldi et alii 2021). The Empowering Multilingual Inclusive comMunICation (E-MIMIC) project led by the Polytechnic of Turin and the University of Bologna, in partnership with the Jean Monnet Centre of excellence Artificial Intelligence for European Integration, aims to promote inclusive communication in real- world scenarios by eliminating non-inclusive language forms in administrative texts written in European countries, starting with those written in Italian and French. The application uses AI algorithms to identify non-inclusive text segments and propose inclusive reformulations. The project starts from the assumption that supervising machine learning through linguistic and discourse criteria can contribute to achieving better quality results. The methodology proposed to identify these criteria rests on the principles of discourse analysis “à la Français” (Dufour, Rosier 2012: 5). In this sense, an attempt is made not to reiterate the non-inclusive ideology present in current discourses (in France and Italy). The application highlights inappropriate segments or words, thus contributing to spreading awareness of discrimination and non-inclusion in language. Moreover, the application suggests possible reformulations, so that the user can choose from the proposed solutions. The AI exploited by the application thus becomes an element in support of linguistic policies that aim at the development of metalinguistic awareness capable of counteracting the circulation of erroneous discursive and linguistic frames, also in the perspective of an eco-critical analysis of discourse (Stibbe 2014). The first tests carried out on the application are encouraging and allow us to extend its implementation to other European languages in addition to Italian and French, taking into account the diatopic variants of the languages analysed.

References

Bartoletti, I. (2021). An Artificial Revolution. On Power, Politics and AI. Edimbourg: Indigo.

Dufour, F., Rosier, L. (2012), Héritages et reconfigurations conceptuelles de l’analyse du discours ‘à la française’ : perte ou profit ?. Langage et Société, 140, 5-13.

Marzi, E. (2021). La traduction automatique neuronale et les biais de genre : le cas des noms de métiers entre l’italien et le français. Synergies Italie, 17, 19-36. http://gerflint.fr/Base/Italie17/marzi.pdf.

Savoldi, B., Gaido, M., Bentivoglio, L., Negri, M., Turchi, M. (2021). Gender Bias in Machine Translation, Transactionsof the Association for Computational Linguistics, 9, 845-874.

Stibbe, A. (2014). An ecolinguistic approach to critical discourse studies. Critical discourse studies, January 2014, DOI: 10.1080/17405904.2013.845789.

by monzo

Estudio lingüístico contrastivo de la terminología en la Administración pública electrónica en España y en Francia

Victoria García Alarcón

Desde hace ya algún tiempo, la administración electrónica forma parte de nuestra vida diaria debido al uso masivo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en las administraciones públicas de los diferentes países. Sin embargo, este cambio ha sido progresivo y sigue todavía en constante evolución, ya que la transformación de estas instituciones, al pasar del papel al formato electrónico, va más allá del mero uso de las TIC. Todos los países, en menor o mayor medida, han modificado su administración para adaptarla a los nuevos tiempos. Todo ello conlleva modificaciones en cuanto a normativa, así como modificaciones en las relaciones entre los ciudadanos y la Administración Pública y, no cabe duda, cambios lingüísticos que resultan en la creación de neologismos, el uso de anglicismos, etc.
Conscientes de esta situación, en la presente comunicación, nos proponemos analizar el concepto de administración electrónica en Francia y en España, ya que, como señala Piñar Mañas (2007), no existe un consenso sobre la idoneidad de este término ni sobre su contenido, a pesar de su aparente «universalidad». Mediante la aplicación de una metodología contrastiva, en primer lugar, se llevará a cabo un análisis de dicho concepto en los países considerados, así como de la terminología y fraseología que de él se deriven desde un punto de vista conceptual, lingüístico y traductológico. Y, en segundo lugar, se presentará un glosario bilingüe español-francés con el fin de seleccionar algunos de sus términos más relevantes y comparar los resultados obtenidos en ambas lenguas, así como sus fenómenos lingüísticos más destacados.

Palabras clave: Administración Pública Electrónica, traducción, terminología, metodología contrastiva, glosario, francés, español.

by monzo

Are language rights a component of a fair trial under French criminal procedure?

Agata de Laforcade

Academic Director, Department of Law, Languages and Intercultural Challenges at ISIT

After the transposition of Directive 2010/64/EU on the right to interpretation and translation in criminal proceedings, the preliminary article of the French Code of Criminal Procedure containing the most important principles in this area provides that if the suspect or accused does not understand the French language, he or she is entitled to be assisted by an interpreter during any questioning, hearing or interviews forming part of the proceedings, as well as during interviews with his or her lawyer. He or she is also entitled to receive a translation of the documents essential for exercising his or her defense and for guaranteeing a fair trial. Legal enshrinement of language rights during criminal proceedings in the preliminary article was an important step and highly symbolic, but does it mean that language rights are considered today as a real component of the right to a fair trial? The answer to this question is not obvious. This presentation will set out the arguments in favor of considering language rights as a component of a fair trial, and well as some arguments that cast doubt upon the fundamental value of language rights in French criminal proceedings.

Keywords: fair trail, language rights, criminal proceedings